GENERAL HISTOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Macrophages are a type of white blood cell that play an important role in the human immune system and carry out various functions including engulfing and digesting microorganisms; clearing out debris and dead cells; and stimulating other cells involved in immune function.

Detailed explanation-2: -During CNS injury, microglia are responsible for phagocytosis and elimination of microbes, dead cells, and protein aggregates, as well as other particulate and soluble antigens that may endanger the CNS.

Detailed explanation-3: -Microglia arrive at the lesion site within minutes of injury, where they rapidly engulf dead cells. Importantly, the rate of secondary cell death is increased when the rapid removal of cellular debris by microglia is reduced pharmacologically or genetically.

Detailed explanation-4: -Microglia are the brain’s main phagocytes (cells capable of engulfing and digesting large extracellular particles), and protect the brain by phagocytosing bacteria, aggregated proteins and cellular debris (Galloway et al., 2019; Vilalta & Brown, 2018; Wolf et al., 2017).