GENERAL HISTOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The retina is the back part of the eye that contains the cells that respond to light. These specialized cells are called photoreceptors.

Detailed explanation-2: -There are two types of photoreceptors: cone photoreceptors and rod photoreceptors. These cells function by sensing light and/or color and delivering the message back to the brain through the optic nerve. While cone photoreceptors detect color through bright light, rod photoreceptors are sensitive to low-light levels.

Detailed explanation-3: -Stimulation by light causes Na+ channels in the photoreceptors to close. This causes the cells to hyperpolarize and to stop releasing an inhibitory neurotransmitter onto the bipolar cells. Removal of the inhibition causes the bipolar cells to fire action potentials, ultimately transmitted to the optic nerve.

Detailed explanation-4: -The retina is covered with millions of light sensitive cells called rods and cones. When these cells detect light, they send signals to the brain. Cone cells help detect colors.