GENERAL HISTOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Pernicious anemia (PA) is a macrocytic anemia that is caused by vitamin B12 deficiency, as a result of intrinsic factor deficiency. PA is associated with atrophic body gastritis (ABG), whose diagnosis is based on histological confirmation of gastric body atrophy.

Detailed explanation-2: -A rarer cause is autoimmune chronic atrophic gastritis, resulting in pernicious anemia. In this disease process, there is destruction of parietal cells and thus a reduction in intrinsic factor, which is essential to the absorption of vitamin B12.

Detailed explanation-3: -When the stomach does not make enough intrinsic factor, the intestine cannot properly absorb vitamin B12. Common causes of pernicious anemia include: Weakened stomach lining (atrophic gastritis)

Detailed explanation-4: -Core tip: Chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis is an autoimmune disease characterized by progressive parietal cells destruction leading to hypochlorhydria and intrinsic factor deficiency. These alterations may result in vitamin B12 deficiency and iron malabsorption.

Detailed explanation-5: -Gastric atrophy (GA) and intestinal metaplasia of the gastric mucosa (GIM) are collectively known as chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). These early conditions can progress to gastric adenocarcinoma.