GENERAL HISTOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The inner longitudinal layer consists of the palatopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, and stylopharyngeus muscles. The pharyngeal muscles receive innervation from the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerve to work in sync to propel food from the oral cavity into the esophagus.

Detailed explanation-2: -What is pharyngeal constriction? Pharyngeal constriction refers to the three-dimensional contraction that occurs through the pharynx, upper esophageal sphincter and then traverses into the peristaltic oesophageal wave.

Detailed explanation-3: -The main function of the superior pharyngeal constrictor is the constriction of the upper part of the pharynx. This action facilitates the act of deglutition by pushing the bolus inferiorly, into the esophagus and stomach.

Detailed explanation-4: -The function of this muscle is to facilitate food propagation towards the esophagus by constricting the wall of pharynx during deglutition. In addition, the inferior part of this muscle forms the upper esophageal sphincter.