GENERAL HISTOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Tracheae connect with the atmosphere through openings called spiracles, which usually have closable valves. Some insects, including grasshoppers, have air sacs that are enlarged tracheae lacking the normal exocuticle and taenidia and are hypothesized to act as bellows to aid convective airflow (for review see Refs.

Detailed explanation-2: -Tracheae open to the outside through small holes called spiracles. In the grasshopper, the first and third segments of the thorax have a spiracle on each side. Another 8 pairs of spiracles are arranged in a line on either side of the abdomen.

Detailed explanation-3: -The grasshopper abdomen has longitudinal tracheae that run along the midgut, heart, nerve cord, and lateral body wall. Transverse tracheae run from each spiracle to the longitudinal tracheae. Dorsal air sacs attach near each spiracle.

Detailed explanation-4: -Like Humans, Grasshoppers Grapple With Gravity’s Effects on Blood Pressure.