GENERAL HISTOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The junctional epithelium (JE) is attached to the tooth surface by hemidesmosomes, which constitutes the front-line defense against periodontal bacterial infection.

Detailed explanation-2: -The junctional epithelium, a nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium, lies immediately apical to the sulcular epithelium, which lines the gingival sulcus from the base to the free gingival margin, where it interfaces with the epithelium of the oral cavity.

Detailed explanation-3: -The JE is attached to the surface of the tooth with the EA. On average, the JE is roughly 1 mm wide in the apico-coronal dimension. The attachment of the JE to the surface of the tooth can occur on the enamel, the cementum or the dentin.

Detailed explanation-4: -Hemidesmosomes are multiprotein complexes that facilitate the stable adhesion of basal epithelial cells to the underlying basement membrane. The mechanical stability of hemidesmosomes relies on multiple interactions of a few protein components that form a membrane-embedded tightly-ordered complex.