GENERAL HISTOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Strong linkages-called covalent bonds-hold together the hydrogen (white) and oxygen (red) atoms of individual H2O molecules. Covalent bonds occur when two atoms-in this case oxygen and hydrogen-share electrons with each other.

Detailed explanation-2: -Water is a Polar Covalent Molecule The unequal sharing of electrons between the atoms and the unsymmetrical shape of the molecule means that a water molecule has two poles-a positive charge on the hydrogen pole (side) and a negative charge on the oxygen pole (side).

Detailed explanation-3: -Key Concepts. The water molecule, as a whole, has 10 protons and 10 electrons, so it is neutral. In a water molecule, the oxygen atom and hydrogen atoms share electrons in covalent bonds, but the sharing is not equal.

Detailed explanation-4: -Because oxygen (EN=3. 44) is much more electronegative than hydrogen (EN=2. 20), the electrons in the H-O bonds in water aren’t shared equally by the hydrogen and oxygen atoms. These electrons are drawn toward the oxygen atom in the center of the molecule and away from the hydrogen atoms on either end.