MRCP UK EXAMINATIONS

Detailed explanation-1: -Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) is a recognised feature of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. It is caused by the thickened heart muscle and the abnormal movement of the mitral valve. This is the main mechanism of debilitating symptoms in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients.

Detailed explanation-2: -The cause of cardiac fibroma is still unknown. However, some tumors have been found to be associated with Gorlin syndrome which is also known as Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome (NBCCS).

Detailed explanation-3: -Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) refers to the limitation of blood flow out of the left ventricle. The level of obstruction can be valvular, sub-valvular, or supravalvular. It can include anatomic stenotic lesions anywhere from left ventricle (LV) outflow to descending aorta.

Detailed explanation-4: -Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetically determined disease that commonly results in obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), which can produce chest discomfort, dyspnea, fatigue, and syncope.