MRCP UK EXAMINATIONS

Detailed explanation-1: -Carcinoid syndrome is often complicated by carcinoid heart disease. Deposition of carcinoid plaques on the endocardium of the tricuspid and pulmonary valves causes the typical echocardiographic iconography with thickening of the leaflets and valvular insufficiency and/or stenosis leading to right heart failure.

Detailed explanation-2: -Patients with carcinoid heart disease typically present with symptoms of right heart failure (hepatomegaly, edema, ascites, fatigue and low cardiac output).

Detailed explanation-3: -Carcinoid heart disease occurs as a sequella of a rare neuroendocrine malignancy in which vasoactive substance leads to deposition of carcinoid plaque on the right-sided heart chambers and valves. This has a classic appearance on 2-dimensional echocardiography.

Detailed explanation-4: -Carcinoid syndrome causes problems with the heart valves, making it difficult for them to function properly. As a result, the heart valves may leak. Signs and symptoms of carcinoid heart disease include fatigue and shortness of breath. Carcinoid heart disease can eventually lead to heart failure.