MRCP UK EXAMINATIONS

Detailed explanation-1: -Aortic stenosis (AS) is a hemodynamically significant narrowing of the outlet of the left ventricle with multiple potential etiologies, whereas aortic sclerosis is a thickening or calcification of the aortic valve without obstruction to left ventricular outflow.

Detailed explanation-2: -An artificial heart valve is a one-way valve implanted into a person’s heart to replace a heart valve that is not functioning properly (valvular heart disease).

Detailed explanation-3: -Heart valves can become diseased or damaged, which means they either don’t open properly (stenosis) or don’t close properly (regurgitation). This can stop your heart from working as it should, so a replacement valve is used to do the valve’s job of opening and closing.

Detailed explanation-4: -Infection. The risk of infection of the prosthetic aortic valve is much higher compared to native valves and can affect all types of prosthesis equally, leading to infective endocarditis.