CARDIOLOGY
PROSTHETIC HEART VALVES
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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the PS is usually valvular
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consists of five defects
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usually a right-to-left VSD
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all of the above
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Detailed explanation-1: -A ventricular septal defect (VSD) is an opening in the interventricular septum, causing a left-to-right shunt.
Detailed explanation-2: -When the pressure in the pulmonary circulation exceeds the pressure in the systemic circulation, the shunt direction reverses and becomes a right-to-left shunt. This is known as Eisenmenger syndrome, and it occurs in 10% to 15% of patients with VSD.
Detailed explanation-3: -Right-to-Left Shunt Tetralogy of Fallot corresponds to anatomic stenosis of the pulmonary outflow tract in the right ventricle in combination with a ventricular septal defect. This results in a blockage of flow to the lungs with shunting of poorly oxygenated blood into the left ventricle and the systemic circulation.
Detailed explanation-4: -Right-to-Left Shunts In this disorder, there is obstruction of flow to the lungs (pulmonary stenosis). Desaturated blood bypasses the lungs, traverses the VSD to the left side of the heart, and is sent into the systemic circulation (Fig. 30-4).