MRCP UK EXAMINATIONS

Detailed explanation-1: -Echocardiography is the key noninvasive modality for evaluation of prosthetic valve structure and function [1]. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the mainstay for monitoring prosthetic valves and can generally identify normal function as well as evidence of valve dysfunction (stenosis).

Detailed explanation-2: -Currently, the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association recommend mechanical valves for people under age 50 and biologic (tissue) valves for those over 70.

Detailed explanation-3: -Biologic prosthetic valves are associated with a higher risk of reoperation than mechanical valves because of structural valve deterioration, but mechanical valves typically necessitate lifelong anticoagulation, which increases the risk of hemorrhage and thromboembolism.

Detailed explanation-4: -Bovine (cow) tissue is most commonly used, but some are made from porcine (pig) tissue. The tissue is treated to prevent rejection and calcification.