MRCP UK EXAMINATIONS

Detailed explanation-1: -Osteocytes-former osteoblasts buried in the bone matrix-are long-lived cells and are thus more prone to suffer the ravaging effects of aging. Osteocytes orchestrate bone resorption and formation via production of RANKL and sclerostin, respectively, in response to hormonal and mechanical stimuli.

Detailed explanation-2: -It is assumed that the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts is decreased in bone tissue of aged individuals.

Detailed explanation-3: -Within each BMU bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts is coupled tightly in a delicate balance to maintain bone mass and strength to resist deformity. With aging this balance shifts in a negative direction, favoring greater bone resorption and less bone formation.

Detailed explanation-4: -Osteocytes are cells inside the bone. As osteoblasts mature, they become osteocytes. Osteoblasts turn into osteocytes while the new bone is being formed, and the osteocytes then get surrounded by the new bone.