MRCP UK EXAMINATIONS

Detailed explanation-1: -In CML, a genetic change takes place in an early (immature) version of myeloid cells–the cells that make red blood cells, platelets, and most types of white blood cells (except lymphocytes). This change forms an abnormal gene called BCR-ABL, which turns the cell into a CML cell.

Detailed explanation-2: -People with CML have a genetic mutation or change in their bone marrow cells. It is called a translocation. A translocation is when part of a long strand of genes called a chromosome breaks off and reattaches to another chromosome.

Detailed explanation-3: -Abstract. Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) originates in a pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell of the bone marrow and is characterized by greatly increased numbers of granulocytes in the blood. Myeloid and other hematopoietic cell lineages are involved in the process of clonal proliferation and differentiation.

Detailed explanation-4: -Introduction: Despite the impressive responses achieved with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy, treatment resistance develops in 16–33% of patients of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Of the BCR-ABL1 dependent mechanisms, mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) are the commonest cause of resistance.

Detailed explanation-5: -Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a classical example of stem cell cancer since it arises in a multipotent hematopoietic stem cell upon the acquisition of the t(9; 22) chromosomal translocation, that converts it into a leukemic stem cell (LSC).