MRCP UK EXAMINATIONS

Detailed explanation-1: -The cause of AECOPD can be infectious (40–60%)6 and non-infectious (smoking, pulmonary thromboembolism, and air pollution or exposure to particulate matter, PM).

Detailed explanation-2: -COPD exacerbations are associated with increased airway and systemic inflammation and physiological changes, especially the development of hyperinflation. They are triggered mainly by respiratory viruses and bacteria, which infect the lower airway and increase airway inflammation.

Detailed explanation-3: -The most common cause of an exacerbation is infection in the lungs or airways (breathing tubes). This infection is often from a virus, but it may also be caused by bacteria or less common types of organisms.

Detailed explanation-4: -Patients exposed to high concentrations of PM 2.5 were associated with the development of COPD, and their short-term exposure to high concentrations was corroborated with an increase in the number of exacerbations and hospitalizations [9].

Detailed explanation-5: -Exposure to tobacco smoke. The most significant risk factor for COPD is long-term cigarette smoking. People with asthma. Occupational exposure to dusts and chemicals. Exposure to fumes from burning fuel. Genetics. 15-Apr-2020