MRCP UK EXAMINATIONS

Detailed explanation-1: -Fine crackles, also called rales, are popping or crackling sounds heard on inspiration that occur in association with conditions that cause fluid to accumulate within the alveolar and interstitial spaces, such as heart failure or pneumonia.

Detailed explanation-2: -Adventitious sounds refer to sounds that are heard in addition to the expected breath sounds mentioned above. The most commonly heard adventitious sounds include crackles, rhonchi, and wheezes. Stridor and rubs will also be discussed here.

Detailed explanation-3: -Crackles are often associated with inflammation or infection of the small bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. Crackles that do not clear after a cough may indicate pulmonary edema or fluid in the alveoli due to heart failure, pulmonary fibrosis, or acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Detailed explanation-4: -Adventitious sounds are a sign of a problem within the respiratory system. Some conditions that cause adventitious sounds include: pneumonia. heart failure.

Detailed explanation-5: -Patients with pulmonary embolism are usually tachypneic and tachycardic, and their skin may be pale, diaphoretic and cyanotic. Lung sounds may be clear or have basilar crackles or wheezes. Look for signs of right-side heart failure, such as jugular venous distention and peripheral edema.