MRCP UK EXAMINATIONS

Detailed explanation-1: -Vitamin K is an effective antidote for poisoning with a vitamin K antagonist. There are 2 distinct enzymatic activities capable of reducing vitamin K1 quinone to the hydroquinone form.

Detailed explanation-2: -Warfarin is a vitamin K antagonist used as an anticoagulant used for treatment and prevention of a variety of coagulopathic and thromboembolic disorders. While it was initially marketed as a rodenticide, it has been used as a medication for more than a half-century.

Detailed explanation-3: -Traditional anticoagulants have antidotes. Heparin can be neutral-ized by protamine, and warfarin anticoagulation can be reversed by vitamin K injections.

Detailed explanation-4: -The use of vitamin K in patients with warfarin over-anticoagulation lowers excessively elevated INR faster than withholding warfarin alone; however, it has not been clearly demonstrated that vitamin K treatment does, in fact, lower the risk of major hemorrhage.