AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -[2] The basal ganglia are a group of nuclei situated deep and centrally at the base of the forebrain. They have robust connections with the cerebral cortex and thalamus in addition to other areas of the brain.

Detailed explanation-2: -Imaging, surgical, and lesion studies suggest that the prefrontal cortex (orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortexes), basal ganglia, and thalamus are involved in the pathogenesis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

Detailed explanation-3: -Both structures receive input from and send output to the cerebral cortex. Thus, the basal ganglia and cerebellum form multisynaptic loops with the cerebral cortex. Basal ganglia and cerebellar loops have been assumed to be anatomically separate and to perform distinct functional operations.

Detailed explanation-4: -A large multi-center study by Greenberg et al. [221] identified the junction of the anterior capsule, anterior commissure and posterior ventral striatum as the most effective DBS target within this region.