AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The first-generation antipsychotics work by inhibiting dopaminergic neurotransmission; their effectiveness is best when they block about 72% of the D2 dopamine receptors in the brain. They also have noradrenergic, cholinergic, and histaminergic blocking action.

Detailed explanation-2: -Antipsychotics, also called neuroleptics, are a class of compounds with a high affinity for several subtypes of dopamine receptors. The chemical structure of the various antipsychotics allows them to bind to dopamine receptors without triggering the postsynaptic response that the binding of dopamine normally would.

Detailed explanation-3: -They work by blocking dopamine receptors which are a class of metabotropic G protein-coupled receptors that are prominent in the vertebrate central nervous system. The neurotransmitter dopamine is the primary endogenous ligand for dopamine receptors. Dopamine receptor antagonists are interesting antiemetic agents.

Detailed explanation-4: -Clinical Features of Drug-Induced Movement Disorders Induced by Dopamine Receptor Blocking Agents. Dopamine receptor blocking agents are known to induce parkinsonism, dystonia, tics, tremor, oculogyric movements, orolingual and other dyskinesias, and akathisia from infancy through the teenage years.

Detailed explanation-5: -Unlike the typical antipsychotics, which preferentially block dopamine D2 receptors, the second-generation antipsychotic drugs not only reduce dopamine neurotransmission, but also act on serotonin receptors, especially 5-HT2A receptors and typically as antagonists [79].