AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Conclusions Schizophrenia is associated with a bilateral volumetric reduction of the hippocampus and probably of the amygdala as well. These findings reinforce the importance of the medial temporal region in schizophrenia and are consistent with frequently reported memory deficits in these patients.

Detailed explanation-2: -Altogether, they found that individuals with schizophrenia have smaller volume in the hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, nucleus accumbens and intracranial space than controls, and larger pallidum and ventricle volumes.

Detailed explanation-3: -The hippocampus is smaller in schizophrenia. The total number of hippocampal neurons is not reduced to the degree seen in Alzheimer’s disease or temporal lobe epilepsy. The number of interneurons appears to be more reduced than the number of principal cells.

Detailed explanation-4: -A convergent body of research shows that the hippocampus is involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Neuroimaging studies have consistently observed reduced hippocampal volume and shape deformities, 3-5 which have been related to learning and memory impairment.

Detailed explanation-5: -Frontal, temporal, and thalamus regions A 2018 study compared brain imaging data from around 4, 500 people with schizophrenia to around 5, 000 people without the condition. Researchers found that people with schizophrenia have thinner cortexes and show the largest differences in the frontal and temporal lobes.