AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Dysfluencies of speech can be caused by hearing impairment, sensory deficit, or a speech-motor deficit. Only when the speech dysfluencies are in excess of what is expected, should a diagnosis of childhood-onset fluency disorder be made.

Detailed explanation-2: -"Stuttering” is no longer an official diagnosis, according to the DSM-5. Instead, the name of the disorder has been changed to Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder.

Detailed explanation-3: -Scientists don’t yet fully understand what causes COFD. However, an individual’s risk for developing COFD or other anxiety disorders is probably due to a complex interaction of genetic, neurological, and environmental factors. Risk factors for COFD include: Family history of COFD or other communication disorders.

Detailed explanation-4: -Stuttering-also called stammering or childhood-onset fluency disorder-is a speech disorder that involves frequent and significant problems with normal fluency and flow of speech. People who stutter know what they want to say, but have difficulty saying it.

Detailed explanation-5: -The most commonly diagnosed fluency disorder is developmental stuttering, which is distinguished from acquired or neurogenic stuttering that is associated with brain disease or injury.