AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -According to psychiatrists, urban living gives the brain a workout, which alters how we cope with stress. Here’s how it works: The constant stimulation of city life can propel the body into a stressful state, known as the fight-or-flight response.

Detailed explanation-2: -Living in crowded areas is associated with increased social stress, since the environment becomes less controllable for the individual. Social disparities also become much more prominent in cities and can impose stress on the individual.

Detailed explanation-3: -Some common conditions shown to be more prevalent in urban areas include depression, anxiety across age groups, high suicide rates, substance use disorders, and dementia.

Detailed explanation-4: -Some studies defined urbanicity as the number of people relative to area surface; others, as number of addresses relative to area surface; and yet others, as large city versus small city based on absolute population counts.