AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Botulinum toxin, sometimes referred to as miracle poison or Botox, is the most poisonous neurotoxin. It blocks the neurotransmitter acetylcholine causing muscle paralysis. This neurotoxin is primarily produced by Clostridium botulinum bacteria and has multiple uses in the medical and cosmetic sectors.

Detailed explanation-2: -Botulinum toxin is a potent neurotoxin that inhibits release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. Injection of small quantities of botulinum toxin into specific overactive muscles causes localized muscle relaxation that smooths the overlying skin and reduces wrinkles.

Detailed explanation-3: -Botox injections smooth facial wrinkles because botulin is a acetylcholine (ach) antagonist. This means that this toxin prevents the motor neurons in the face from stimulating facial muscles leading to flaccid paralysis of the face.

Detailed explanation-4: -Intramuscular administration of botulinum toxin acts at the neuromuscular junction to cause muscle paralysis by inhibiting the release of acetylcholine from presynaptic motor neurons.