AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The basic procedure for a mirror test is to provide a mirror in a focal animal’s habitat, and to allow it to observe and explore the image in the mirror. Given some time, the animal will either figure out that it is looking at itself, or it will continue to perceive the image as something other than itself.

Detailed explanation-2: -The MSR test is the traditional method for attempting to measure physiological and cognitive self-awareness. However, agreement has been reached that animals can be self-aware in ways not measured by the mirror test, such as distinguishing between their own and others’ songs and scents.

Detailed explanation-3: -Animal consciousness, or animal awareness, is the quality or state of self-awareness within a non-human animal, or of being aware of an external object or something within itself.

Detailed explanation-4: -In Gallup’s view, only three species have consistently and convincingly demonstrated mirror self-recognition: chimpanzees, orangutans, and humans.

Detailed explanation-5: -The classic test procedure is to place a visible mark (e.g., a red dot or sticker) on an animal and place it in front of a mirror. If the creature stares unusually long at the part of its body with the mark or tries to rub it off, then it is said to pass the test.