AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The research included 184 male college students as participants who were told that a vitamin compound called Suproxin would be injected to them. However, the injection was not Suproxin; rather, it is composed of either 0.5 mL of epinephrine (experiment group) or 0.5 mL of saline solution as placebo (control group).

Detailed explanation-2: -Schachter and Singer’s Experiment A group of 184 male participants was injected with epinephrine, a hormone that produces arousal including increased heartbeat, trembling, and rapid breathing. All of the participants were told that they were being injected with a new drug to test their eyesight.

Detailed explanation-3: -Schachter and Singer found that the men who were given epinephrine and were not told about potential side effects felt either angrier or happier than the men who were told about the drug’s side effects.

Detailed explanation-4: -The main result of the Schachter-Singer experiment is that the epinephrine misinformed group and the epinephrine ignorant group reported higher emotional reactivity than the epinephrine informed group and the placebo group.

Detailed explanation-5: -Schachter and Singer’s (1962) Two-Factor Theory of Emotion suggests that physiological arousal determines the strength of the emotion, while cognitive appraisal identifies the emotion label. So, in this theory, the “two-factor” represents physiological change and cognitive appraisal change.