AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The medulla oblongata controls breathing, blood pressure, heart rhythms and swallowing. Messages from the cortex to the spinal cord and nerves that branch from the spinal cord are sent through the pons and the brainstem.

Detailed explanation-2: -The pons is the other respiratory center and is located underneath the medulla. Its main function is to control the rate or speed of involuntary respiration. It has two main functional regions that perform this role: The apneustic center sends signals for inspiration for long and deep breaths.

Detailed explanation-3: -– The Brain Stem: Your brain stem controls the transitions between your wake and sleep times. It is made up of three parts: the pons, medulla oblongata, and midbrain. The pons and medulla are responsible for relaxing our limbs during REM sleep, preventing us from acting out our dreams.

Detailed explanation-4: -Both medulla and pons have regions responsible for the regulation of respiration. The medulla contains a respiratory rhythm centre that primarily controls respiratory rhythm while pons possesses a pneumotaxic centre that moderates the function of the respiratory rhythm centre.