AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A neuron has a cell body, which includes the cell nucleus, and special extensions called axons (pronounced AK-sonz) and dendrites (pronounced DEN-drahytz). Bundles of axons, called nerves, are found throughout the body. Axons and dendrites allow neurons to communicate, even across long distances.

Detailed explanation-2: -Neurons (also called neurones or nerve cells) are the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, the cells responsible for receiving sensory input from the external world, for sending motor commands to our muscles, and for transforming and relaying the electrical signals at every step in between.

Detailed explanation-3: -A typical neuron can be divided into three functionally distinct parts, called dendrites, soma, and axon; see Fig. 1.2. Roughly speaking, the dendrites play the role of the ‘input device’ that collects signals from other neurons and transmits them to the soma.

Detailed explanation-4: -The nervous system includes the brain, spinal cord, and a complex network of nerves. This system sends messages back and forth between the brain and the body. The brain is what controls all the body’s functions.