AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Action potentials are most commonly initiated by excitatory postsynaptic potentials from a presynaptic neuron. Typically, neurotransmitter molecules are released by the presynaptic neuron. These neurotransmitters then bind to receptors on the postsynaptic cell. This binding opens various types of ion channels.

Detailed explanation-2: -Neurons communicate with each other via electrical events called ‘action potentials’ and chemical neurotransmitters. At the junction between two neurons (synapse), an action potential causes neuron A to release a chemical neurotransmitter.

Detailed explanation-3: -At each node, the membrane depolarizes above the threshold voltage, and the influx of sodium ions again initiates the action potential through Nav. This pattern of node-to-node propagation, saltatory conduction, can increase the conduction velocity by more than an order of magnitude over unmyelinated axons.

Detailed explanation-4: -Neural transmission occurs when a neuron is activated, or fired (sends out an electrical impulse). Activation (firing) of the neuron takes place when the neuron is stimulated by pressure, heat, light, or chemical information from other cells.

Detailed explanation-5: -Initiation of Action Potential. The neuron is a specialized cell that is capable of generating an action potential on the cell membrane of the axon hillock. It does this by using special voltage-gated ion channels that respond to changes in voltage across the membrane of the cell.