AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A lion in a circus learns to stand up on a chair and jump through a hoop to receive a food treat. This example is operant conditioning because standing on a chair and jumping through a hoop are voluntary behaviors. The food treat is positive reinforcement because it is given and it PROBABLY increases the behavior.

Detailed explanation-2: -The conditioning depicted is operant conditioning. The lion is given a reward which is a positive reinforcement for performing the trick of standing on a chair and jumping through the hoop. The treat is the positive reinforcer. The performance of the trick is the behavior that is being conditioned and reinforced.

Detailed explanation-3: -In operant conditioning, the animal repeats behaviors that have desired consequences and avoids behaviors that lead to undesirable consequences. For instance, bears, raccoons, dogs, and rats raid garbage cans because they have learned through trial and error that doing so leads to finding food.

Detailed explanation-4: -Operant responses can include everything from a rat’s lever press maintained by food, an infant’s crying maintained by maternal attention, and small talk maintained by social companionship.

Detailed explanation-5: -In Operant Conditioning Theory, there are essentially four quadrants: Positive Reinforcement, Positive Punishment, Negative Reinforcement, and Negative Punishment.