AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Shaping is a process because it begins with rewarding (reinforcing) a behavior that is somewhat like the final behavior desired. In steps, behaviors that more closely resemble the targeted behavior are rewarded successively, until only the final desired behavior is reinforced.

Detailed explanation-2: -Shaping is a systematic process of reinforcing successive approximations to a target behavior. The technique is used when students need to learn new behavior.

Detailed explanation-3: -Primary reinforcers are reinforcers that have innate reinforcing qualities. These kinds of reinforcers are not learned. Water, food, sleep, shelter, sex, and touch, among others, are primary reinforcers. Pleasure is also a primary reinforcer. Organisms do not lose their drive for these things.

Detailed explanation-4: -Shaping. Shaping is the method of successive approximations. Shaping reinforces the behaviors as they get closer and closer to the desired behavior. Negative Reinforcement. Negative Reinforcement is anything that increases a behavior that results in the reinforcers removal.

Detailed explanation-5: -In operant conditioning, organisms learn to associate a behavior and its consequence (Table). A pleasant consequence makes that behavior more likely to be repeated in the future.