AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Pavlov and Watson considered consciousness unfit for the scientific study of psychology. However, they underestimated the importance of cognitive processes (thoughts, perceptions, and expectations) and biological constraints.

Detailed explanation-2: -Identify the major flaw with John B. Watson’s Little Albert experiment. a) It is unethical for a researcher to induce fear in a child, since it is harmful to induce fear.

Detailed explanation-3: -Ivan Pavlov may not have set out to change the face of psychology, but his work had a profound and lasting influence on the science of the mind and behavior. His discovery of classical conditioning helped establish the school of thought known as behaviorism.

Detailed explanation-4: -Observational learning is a major component of Bandura’s social learning theory. He also emphasized that four conditions were necessary in any form of observing and modeling behavior: attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation.