AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Cholinergic neurons that release acetylcholine, an excitatory neurotransmitter, are widely distributed in the central nervous system. Among them, the most well studied are projection neurons in the LDT and PPT nuclei and basal forebrain, which are involved in the sleep–wake cycle (Han et al., 2014).

Detailed explanation-2: -The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is the only neurotransmitter used in the motor division of the somatic nervous system and the principal neurotransmitter at autonomic ganglia. In the CNS, the neurons that release and respond to ACh comprise the cholinergic system, which causes anti-excitatory effects.

Detailed explanation-3: -Nerve fibers that release acetylcholine are referred to as cholinergic fibers. These include all preganglionic fibers of the ANS, both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems; all postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic system; and sympathetic postganglionic fibers innervating sweat glands.

Detailed explanation-4: -The postganglionic neurons of sweat glands release acetylcholine for the activation of muscarinic receptors. The chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla are analogous to post-ganglionic neurons-the adrenal medulla develops in tandem with the sympathetic nervous system and acts as a modified sympathetic ganglion.