AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The skin possesses many sensory receptors in the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, which allows for discrimination of touch such as pressure differences (light vs. deep). Other qualities of the external world assessed by skin sensory receptors includes temperature, pain, and itch.

Detailed explanation-2: -Free nerve endings are considered to be the somatosensory receptors for pain, temperature and crude touch. Proprioceptors are located in muscles, tendons, joint ligaments and in joint capsules. There are no specialized sensory receptor cells for body proprioception 4.

Detailed explanation-3: -They are found in the dermis layer of the skin. There are two basic categories of thermoreceptors: hot and cold receptors.

Detailed explanation-4: -Two types of somatosensory signals that are transduced by free nerve endings are pain and temperature. These two modalities use thermoreceptors and nociceptors to transduce temperature and pain stimuli, respectively.

Detailed explanation-5: -There are four primary tactile mechanoreceptors in human skin: Merkel’s disks, Meissner’s corpuscles, Ruffini endings, and Pacinian corpuscle; two are located toward the surface of the skin and two are located deeper. A fifth type of mechanoreceptor, Krause end bulbs, are found only in specialized regions.