AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -For example, women tend to score higher on certain verbal and memory tests, whereas men tend to score higher on spatial tests, particularly mental spatial rotations. While these results are relatively uncontroversial, the question of whether men and women differ on average in g is a matter of debate among experts.

Detailed explanation-2: -Among adults, males have slightly higher verbal and reasoning abilities than females and a more pronounced superiority on spatial abilities. If the three abilities are combined to form general intelligence, the mean for males is 4 IQ points higher than the mean for females.

Detailed explanation-3: -The Flynn effect refers to a secular increase in population intelligence quotient (IQ) observed throughout the 20th century (1–4). The changes were rapid, with measured intelligence typically increasing around three IQ points per decade.

Detailed explanation-4: -General intelligence, also known as g factor, refers to a general mental ability that, according to Spearman, underlies multiple specific skills, including verbal, spatial, numerical and mechanical.

Detailed explanation-5: -The existence of the g factor was originally proposed by the English psychologist Charles Spearman in the early years of the 20th century.