AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Amygdala. The amygdala’s name refers to its almond-like shape. Located right next to the hippocampus, the left and right amygdalae play a central role in our emotional responses, including feelings like pleasure, fear, anxiety and anger.

Detailed explanation-2: -Damage to the limbic system can cause the hormonal system to become unbalanced. The ability to perceive hunger or a feeling of satiety is reduced and emotional reactions can change.

Detailed explanation-3: -The cingulate gyrus is part of the cingulate cortex of the brain and is thought to be an integral part of the limbic system. This area is believed to be helpful in regulating emotions, behavior, and pain, as well as being responsible for controlling autonomic motor function.

Detailed explanation-4: -The prefrontal region and limbic system (ACC, amygdala, VTA, and NAc) are associated with affective aspects of pain and regulate emotional and motivational responses [16, 17, 25]. These brain regions are not activated separately; they are functionally connected and contribute in a combined fashion to pain processing.