AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Hormones cause cellular changes by binding to receptors on target cells. The number of receptors on a target cell can increase or decrease in response to hormone activity. Hormones can affect cells directly through intracellular hormone receptors or indirectly through plasma membrane hormone receptors.

Detailed explanation-2: -A hormone interacts only with certain target cells, cells that recognize the hormone’s chemical structure. A hormone and its target cell t together the way a key ts into a lock. The endocrine glands include the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, thymus, and pancreas.

Detailed explanation-3: -Hormones travel throughout the body, either in the blood stream or in the fluid around cells, looking for target cells. Once hormones find a target cell, they bind with specific protein receptors inside or on the surface of the cell and specifically change the cell’s activities.

Detailed explanation-4: -All classes of hormones elicit the majority of their physiological effects via specific receptors which are located in three separate compartments of target cells: cell membranes (peptide and glycopeptide hormones), cytoplasm (steroid hormones) and nucleus (thyroid and steroid hormones).

Detailed explanation-5: -Target cells are cells that are receptive to a secreted hormone. Target cell activation is. dependent on three factors; the hormone levels in the blood, the receptor levels on the target cell, and hormone–receptor affinity.