AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Spinal Cord is the center that controls reflex action. Reflex actions are actions that are carried out quickly in response to a stimulus and thus do not involve any thinking, and thus are under the control of spinal cord.

Detailed explanation-2: -The familiar knee-jerk reflex, tested routinely by physicians, is a spinal reflex in which a brief, rapid tap on the knee excites muscle spindle afferent neurons, which then excite the motor neurons of the stretched muscle via a single synapse in the spinal cord.

Detailed explanation-3: -Spinal reflexes are strongly influenced by control centers within the brain. Axons descend from numerous centers within the brainstem and the cerebral cortex and synapse primarily on the spinal interneurons, with some direct input to the motor neurons.

Detailed explanation-4: -The brain stem controls the reflexes and automatic functions (heart rate, blood pressure), limb movements and visceral functions (digestion, urination). The cerebellum integrates information from the vestibular system that indicates position and movement and uses this data to coordinate limb movements.