BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR
THE NERVOUS AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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By entering the cell to trigger specific gene activation
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By binding to a plasma membrane receptor
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By binding to a receptor in the nucleoplasm
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By transferring information to an intracellular messenger molecule
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Detailed explanation-1: -Peptide hormones play a prominent role in controlling energy homeostasis and metabolism. They have been implicated in controlling appetite, the function of the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems, energy expenditure, and reproduction.
Detailed explanation-2: -Some peptides (angiotensin II, basic fibroblast growth factor-2, parathyroid hormone-related protein) also interact with intracellular receptors located in the cytoplasm or nucleus by an intracrine mechanism.
Detailed explanation-3: -Depending on the location of the protein receptor on the target cell and the chemical structure of the hormone, hormones can mediate changes directly by binding to intracellular receptors and modulating gene transcription, or indirectly by binding to cell surface receptors and stimulating signaling pathways.
Detailed explanation-4: -They act by binding to protein receptors on the outside surface of the cell. The binding alerts a second messenger molecule inside the cell that activates enzymes and other cellular proteins or influences gene expression.