AP PSYCHOLOGY

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BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR

THE NERVOUS AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS

Question [CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
Scientists are testing the effectiveness of 3 different viral medicines (or vaccines) in protecting against the common cold. They sign up 1, 200 human volunteers and split them into three groups. So each group of 400 people is given one of the vaccines. The groups are studied for five years and the scientists record how many colds they get each year. What is the dependent variable in this investigation?
A
different viral medications
B
the type of common cold virus
C
the number of years
D
the number of colds each year
Explanation: 

Detailed explanation-1: -These vaccines were held to the same standards used to ensure the safety of any approved vaccine. Before a new vaccine is given to people, a lot of testing is done in a lab. Then, it’s tested in people in clinical trials to make sure it’s safe and effective.

Detailed explanation-2: -Viral vector vaccines use a modified version of a different virus as a vector to deliver protection. Several different viruses have been used as vectors, including influenza, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), measles virus, and adenovirus, which causes the common cold.

Detailed explanation-3: -Subunit, recombinant, conjugate, and polysaccharide vaccines use particular parts of the germ or virus. They can trigger very strong immune responses in the body because they use a specific part of the germ. Although the immune responses are strong, these types of vaccines may need topping up over time.

Detailed explanation-4: -Vaccine efficacy is influenced by several factors including: infectious agent (genetic variation), vaccine factors (type of vaccine, adjuvant, dose and administration route and schedule), and the host factors including age, sex, genetics, nutritional status, gut microbiota, obesity, and immune history.

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