AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -It consists of specialized cells called neurons that serve as the nervous system’s structural-functional unit. The neurons or nerve cells carry messages throughout the nervous system through electrochemical impulses. These are the longest cells present in the human body.

Detailed explanation-2: -Nerve Cells! Cells of the nervous system, called nerve cells or neurons, are specialized to carry “messages” through an electrochemical process. The human brain has about 100 billion neurons. Neurons carry messages called impulses. Neurons come in many different shapes and sizes.

Detailed explanation-3: -Axon – The long, thin structure in which action potentials are generated; the transmitting part of the neuron. After initiation, action potentials travel down axons to cause release of neurotransmitter. Dendrite – The receiving part of the neuron.

Detailed explanation-4: -The transfer of information from neuron to neuron takes place through the release of chemical substances into the space between the axon and the dendrites. These chemicals are called neurotransmitters, and the process is called neurotransmission.

Detailed explanation-5: -Neurons send what are known as electrochemical signals. Once a neuron has been stimulated by some sort of stimulus, it generates an electric potential that travels down the length of the cell. This is the ‘electro’ part of electrochemical.