AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The nervous system instead uses hormones, neurotransmitters, and other receptors to control smooth muscle spontaneously. Smooth muscle also plays an important role in the disease process throughout the body.

Detailed explanation-2: -The smooth muscle cell directly drives the contraction of the vascular wall and hence regulates the size of the blood vessel lumen.

Detailed explanation-3: -Arteries contain smooth muscle cells, which contract and relax to change the diameter of blood vessels, controlling blood flow to ensure that cells get the correct amount of oxygen and nutrients.

Detailed explanation-4: -’ That is: vascular smooth muscle contracts, blood vessels become narrower and less blood flows through them. This process is called ‘vasoconstriction. ‘ Our bodies are constantly fine-tuning this balance of vasodilation and vasoconstriction to meet the energy demands of different organs and tissues.

Detailed explanation-5: -Smooth muscle, found in the walls of the hollow internal organs such as blood vessels, the gastrointestinal tract, bladder, and uterus, is under control of the autonomic nervous system. Smooth muscle cannot be controlled consciously and thus acts involuntarily.