COGNITION
THINKING AND LANGUAGE
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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mental set
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confirmation bias
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functional fixedness
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prototype
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Detailed explanation-1: -Mental set, in basic terms, refers to the tendency to stick to solutions that have worked for you in the past when trying to solve a problem. In trying to make these familiar solutions work, you typically end up overlooking or ignoring other possible solutions. This phenomenon is also known as the Einstellung effect.
Detailed explanation-2: -For example, imagine that you are trying to solve a math problem in your algebra class. The problem seems similar to ones you have worked on previously, so you approach solving it in the same way. Because of your mental set, you are unable to see a simpler solution that might be possible.
Detailed explanation-3: -A heuristic is another type of problem solving strategy. While an algorithm must be followed exactly to produce a correct result, a heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems.