COGNITION
THINKING AND LANGUAGE
|
Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
|
|
|
Alex was locked out of his car. He didn’t think to use a coat hanger to unlock the door before calling the police.
|
|
|
Zach felt very certain that he knew all the concepts in Chapter 2, so he was surprised to get 65 percent on the exam.
|
|
|
Despite reading several research studies demonstrating that therapeutic touch is no more effective than a placebo in treating pain, Miriam still considers it a valid treatment option.
|
|
|
A television advertisement for lotion claims that it is made of 75 percent organic materials, not that it contains 25 percent artificial ingredients.
|
Detailed explanation-1: -heuristics: Shortcut strategies or guidelines that suggest a solution to a problem but do not guarantee an answer. hindsight bias: The tendency to report falsely, after the fact, that one has accurately predicted an outcome.
Detailed explanation-2: -Heuristics are mental shortcuts that allow people to solve problems and make judgments quickly and efficiently. These rule-of-thumb strategies shorten decision-making time and allow people to function without constantly stopping to think about their next course of action.
Detailed explanation-3: -confirmation bias, the tendency to process information by looking for, or interpreting, information that is consistent with one’s existing beliefs. This biased approach to decision making is largely unintentional and often results in ignoring inconsistent information.
Detailed explanation-4: -Algorithm: a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. Heuristic: a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms.