AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Behaviour is determined by consequences. The individual will obey in order to avoid punishment.

Detailed explanation-2: -Level 1 (Preconventional) Obedience and Punishment Orientation – at this stage of moral reasoning, the individual acts from a belief that if they do something wrong they will be punished, so that the best reason for avoiding doing wrong is to avoid punishment.

Detailed explanation-3: -Kohlberg’s theory of moral development divides morality into three levels: preconventional, conventional, and postconventional. The preconventional level occurs prior to age 10 and involves a desire to avoid punishment and receive rewards. Children in this stage may follow rules because of their own self-interests.

Detailed explanation-4: -Stage 3-“good boy-good girl” orientation, This stage of moral development is focused on living up to social expectations and roles. There is an emphasis on conformity, being “nice, ” and consideration of how choices influence relationships.

Detailed explanation-5: -Stage 4 (Maintaining Social Order): This stage is focused on ensuring that social order is maintained. At this stage of moral development, people begin to consider society as a whole when making judgments. The focus is on maintaining law and order by following the rules, doing one’s duty, and respecting authority.