AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -For example, in 2021: Women made up an estimated 44 percent of the overall workforce, but an estimated 41 percent of managers. Women earned an estimated 82 cents for every dollar that men earned (an overall pay gap of 18 cents on the dollar).

Detailed explanation-2: -In 1950, the overall participation rate of women was 34 per-cent. (See table 4.) The rate rose to 38 percent in 1960, 43 percent in 1970, 52 percent in 1980, and 58 percent in 1990 and reached 60 percent by 2000.

Detailed explanation-3: -There are three major contributors to the ongoing pay discrepancy: job type, discrimination and shouldering caregiving duties, Fry said. For one, women are overrepresented in low-paying service jobs relative to men.

Detailed explanation-4: -Way back in the 1950s, women earned around 60 percent on average of what men earned when working year-round full time. And it stayed right around at that level until about 1980. Then, particularly in the decade of the 80s, there was really considerable progress in narrowing the gender pay gap.