AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Erikson identified the psychological conflict of the preschool years as initiative versus guilt. Young children tackle new tasks, join in activities with peers, discover what they can do with the help of adults, and advance in conscience development.

Detailed explanation-2: -The newborn is capable of certain inher-ited, automatic, coordinated movement patterns, called reflexes, that can be triggered by the right stimulus (see Figure 3.1). Many, but not all, infants are born with many such reflexes.

Detailed explanation-3: -Erikson’s third stage of psychosocial development occurs during preschool, between the ages of three and five years. At this point in our psychosocial development – when conflict occurs between initiative and guilt – we learn to assert ourselves and typically begin to direct play and social interactions.

Detailed explanation-4: -Autonomy versus shame and doubt is the second stage of Erik Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development. This stage occurs between the ages of 18 months to approximately 3 years. According to Erikson, children at this stage are focused on developing a sense of independence.