AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Tolman developed a cognitive view of learning that has become popular in modern psychology. Tolman believed individuals do more than merely respond to stimuli; they act on beliefs, attitudes, changing conditions, and they strive toward goals.

Detailed explanation-2: - Tolman believed that learning is a cognitive process. Learning involves forming beliefs and obtaining knowledge about the environment and then revealing that knowledge through purposeful and goal-directed behavior.

Detailed explanation-3: -Tolman advanced his system in his major work, Purposive Behavior in Animals and Men (1932). He suggested that the unit of behaviour is the total, goal-directed act, using varied muscular movements that are organized around the purposes served and guided by cognitive processes.

Detailed explanation-4: -Latent learning is to learning that is not reinforced and not demonstrated until there is motivation to do so. Tolman argued that the rats had formed a “cognitive map” of the maze but did not demonstrate this knowledge until they received reinforcement.