AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Social cognitive theory can best be characterized as being concerned with learning: through observations of others. Which one of the following examples illustrates vicarious reinforcement? Alice notices that her friend Ellen gets extra attention from the teacher when she acts helpless.

Detailed explanation-2: -Cognitive Social Learning Theory (Bandura, 1977, 1986) The theory suggests that humans learn behaviors by observing others and choosing which behaviors to imitate. Behaviors that are rewarded are more likely to be repeated, whereas behaviors that are punished are less likely to be repeated.

Detailed explanation-3: -Key components of the SCT related to individual behavior change include: Self-efficacy: The belief that an individual has control over and is able to execute a behavior. Behavioral capability: Understanding and having the skill to perform a behavior. Expectations: Determining the outcomes of behavior change.

Detailed explanation-4: -Observational Learning-This asserts that people can witness and observe a behavior conducted by others, and then reproduce those actions. This is often exhibited through “modeling” of behaviors. If individuals see successful demonstration of a behavior, they can also complete the behavior successfully.

Detailed explanation-5: -Social learning theory suggests that social behavior is learned by observing and imitating the behavior of others.