AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Vygotsky’s socio-cultural theory (1934/1986) maintains that children’s private speech is used for self-direction and that this language is the foundation for later complex mental activity.

Detailed explanation-2: -Vygotsky’s Cognitive Development Theory argues that cognitive abilities are socially guided and constructed. As such, culture serves as a mediator for the formation and development of specific abilities, such as learning, memory, attention, and problem solving.

Detailed explanation-3: -While Piaget may view private speech as egocentric or immature, Vygotsky understood the importance of self-directed speech. Private speech is considered to be self-directed regulation and communication with the self, and becomes internalized after about nine years (Woolfolk, A., 2004).

Detailed explanation-4: -How did Vygotsky view cognitive development? He saw development as genetically predetermined. He saw development as subject to mutations during its course. He proposed that intellectual development can be understood only in terms of the historical and cultural contexts children experience.