LEARNING
HOW WE LEARN AND CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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the bell; the bell
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the bell; salivation
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the meat powder; the bell
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the meat powder; salivation
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Detailed explanation-1: -In the described experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the ringing of the bell, and the conditioned response was salivation. It is important to note that the neutral stimulus becomes the conditioned stimulus.
Detailed explanation-2: -During conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus (food) is presented repeatedly just after the presentation of the neutral stimulus (bell). After conditioning, the neutral stimulus alone produces a conditioned response (salivation), thus becoming a conditioned stimulus.
Detailed explanation-3: -Generalization. Stimulus generalization is the tendency for a conditioned stimulus to evoke similar responses after the response has been conditioned.8 For example, if a dog has been conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell, the animal may also exhibit the same response to a sound that’s similar to the bell.
Detailed explanation-4: -Pavlov called the dogs’ anticipatory salivation “psychic secretion". Putting these informal observations to an experimental test, Pavlov presented a stimulus (e.g. the sound of a metronome) and then gave the dog food; after a few repetitions, the dogs started to salivate in response to the stimulus.